Diagnostics and Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder - A Reported Case with a Review of Literature

The origins of the symptoms were based on only one factor – mechanical condylar displacement (Costen’s syndrome), parafunction (bruxism) as a consequence of occlusal interferences causing muscular spasm and muscular hyperactivity (neuromuscular theory) and muscular hyperactivity which causes muscle tension and spasm (muscular theory). The psychological theory considers temporomandibular disorders to be psychosomatic. The hybrid theories connect a combination of certain factors – such as stressful states and occlusal relations. Today, the etiology of temporomandibular disorders is explained by the multifactorial concept, that is, by the influence of various factors (traumatic, anatomic, pathophysiological and psychosocial), as well as by the biopsychosocial concept (including the combination of biological and psychological factors, particularly in chronic temporomandibular pain) [5,12].